Bone cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop within a bone, leading to localized swelling and potential pain or discomfort. These cysts are usually benign and can occur in various bones throughout the body. Bone cysts are typically categorized into different types, including simple bone cysts (also known as unicameral cysts), which are fluid-filled and usually found in the long bones of children and adolescents; aneurysmal bone cysts, which are characterized by blood-filled cysts that can expand and cause bone damage; and pathological bone cysts, which arise due to underlying bone diseases or conditions. Causes of bone cysts can vary. Simple bone cysts are often related to bone growth and development, particularly in children and adolescents. Aneurysmal bone cysts can occur due to vascular abnormalities or trauma. Other bone cysts may be associated with conditions such as bone tumors or metabolic bone diseases.
Treatment for bone cysts depends on their size, location, and whether they are causing symptoms or affecting bone function. Small, asymptomatic cysts may require only regular monitoring with imaging studies to ensure they are not growing or causing problems. Larger or symptomatic cysts may necessitate treatment to alleviate pain or prevent complications. Treatment options can include surgical intervention to remove or drain the cyst, and, in some cases, bone grafts or other materials may be used to support bone regeneration. For certain types of cysts, such as aneurysmal bone cysts, more aggressive treatments like cryotherapy, laser therapy, or targeted radiation may be considered. In all cases, a healthcare provider will determine the most appropriate approach based on the cyst's characteristics and the patient's overall health.
